ironminds

L-Glutamine and gastrointestinal function

noreply@blogger.com (Evan) — Thu, 26 Jan 2012 14:17:00 +0000

L-glutamine is the most prevalent amino acid in the bloodstream and because human cells readily synthesize it, it is usually considered a non-essential amino acid.

It is found in high concentration in skeletal muscle, lung, liver, brain, and stomach tissue. Skeletal muscle contains the greatest intracellular concentration of glutamine, comprising up to 60 percent of total body glutamine stores, and is considered the primary storage depot and exporter of glutamine to other tissues. Under certain pathological circumstances the body’s tissues need more glutamine than the amount supplied by diet and biosynthesis. During catabolic stress intracellular glutamine levels can drop more than 50 percent, and it is under these circumstances that supplemental glutamine becomes necessary. In times of metabolic stress, glutamine is released into circulation, where it is transported to the tissue in need. Intracellular skeletal muscle glutamine concentration is affected by various insults, including injury, sepsis, prolonged stress, starvation, and the use of glucocorticoids. Therefore, glutamine has been re-classified as a conditionally essential amino acid.

Research demonstrates glutamine supplementation may be beneficial when added to total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for surgery, trauma, and cancer patients. In addition, evidence suggests it may provide benefit for certain gastrointestinal conditions, wound healing, critically ill neonates, HIV/AIDS patients, immune enhancement in endurance athletes, and prevention of complications associated with chemotherapy, radiation, and bone marrow transplant.

Biochemistry

L-glutamine accounts for 30-35 percent of the amino acid nitrogen in the plasma. It contains two ammonia groups, one from its precursor, glutamate, and the other from free ammonia in the bloodstream. One of glutamine’s roles is to protect the body from high levels of ammonia by acting as a “nitrogen shuttle.” Thus, glutamine can act as a buffer, accepting, then releasing excess ammonia when needed to form other amino acids, amino sugars, nucleotides, and urea. This capacity to accept and donate nitrogen makes glutamine the major vehicle for nitrogen transfer among tissues. Glutamine is one of the three amino acids involved in glutathione synthesis. Glutathione, an important intracellular antioxidant and hepatic detoxifier, is comprised of glutamic acid, cysteine, and glycine.

Clinical Indications

Gastrointestinal Disease

The gastrointestinal tract is by far the greatest user of glutamine in the body, as enterocytes in the intestinal epithelium use glutamine as their principal metabolic fuel. Most of the research on glutamine and its connection to intestinal permeability has been conducted in conjunction with the use of TPN. Commercially available TPN solutions do not contain glutamine, which can result in atrophy of the mucosa and villi of the small intestine. Addition of glutamine to the TPN solution reverses mucosal atrophy associated with various gastrointestinal conditions. Research has demonstrated glutamine-enriched TPN decreases villous atrophy, increases jejunal weight, and decreases intestinal permeability. Trauma, infection, starvation, chemotherapy, and other stressors are all associated with a derangement of normal intestinal permeability. One potential consequence of increased intestinal permeability is microbial translocation. Bacteria, fungi, and their toxins may translocate across the mucosal barrier into the bloodstream and cause sepsis. In numerous animal studies of experimentally induced intestinal hyperpermeability, the addition of glutamine or glutamine dipeptides (stable dipeptides of glutamine with alanine or glycine) to TPN improved gut barrier function, as well as immune activity in the gut. Conditions characterized by increased intestinal permeability that might benefit from glutamine supplementation include food allergies and associated conditions, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and irritable bowel syndrome. A clinical study of ulcerative colitis patients demonstrated that feeding 30 g daily of glutamine-rich germinated barley foodstuff (GBF) for four weeks resulted in significant clinical and endoscopic improvement, independent of disease state. Disease exacerbation returned when GBF treatment was discontinued. It has also been suggested that cabbage juice consumption may provide benefit to patients with gastric ulcers and gastritis, by virtue of its high glutamine content.

Wound Healing

The gastrointestinal tract has a large number of immune cells along its length — fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and macrophages. The ability of glutamine to nourish these immune cells may account for its positive impact on the gastrointestinal tract and immunity. Healing of surgical wounds, trauma injuries, and bums is accomplished in part by the actions of these immune cells. Their proper functioning is dependent on glutamine as a metabolic fuel for growth and proliferation. Therefore, a depletion of intracellular glutamine can slow growth of these cells, and ultimately prolong healing. A small clinical study conducted recently in Poland demonstrated glutamine-supplemented TPN rapidly improved a number of immune parameters in malnourished surgical patients with sepsis. Additional clinical trials also suggest that glutamine supplementation, as well as arginine and omega-3 fatty acids, may promote restoration of normal tissue function and intestinal permeability in post-operative patients.

Fed up of ulcerative colitis controlling your life and activities?

noreply@blogger.com (Evan) — Wed, 26 Jan 2011 14:34:00 +0000

Fed up of ulcerative colitis controlling your life and activities? Sick from the side-effects of harsh prescription medications?

The SEROVERA® Advantage is a 100% natural, potent anti-inflammatory, ulcerative colitis treatment. Those who take SEROVERA® testify to significant health improvement from their ulcerative colitis within a few weeks, while many feel UC relief in just a few days!

The combination of SEROVERA® with SeroLife™ Probiotics helps to restore the levels of beneficial bacteria or naturally occurring probiotics in your digestive tract, paving the way for and creating stronger binding receptors for the AMP delivered by SEROVERA®.

What is SEROVERA®?

Aloe Vera is well-known for its powerful anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Under the direction of Dr. Ivan Danhof, Ph.D., M.D., we have isolated and processed the healing agent in Aloe Vera, allowing us to infuse the purest, most potent medicinal value into each SEROVERA® AMP 500 capsule.

Formulated for colitis sufferers, AMP (Aloe mucilaginous polysaccharides):

soothes and heals bowel inflammation
detoxifies the stomach and other digestive organs
heals intestinal wall damage through rebalancing cells and regenerating tissue
stimulates the stomach’s production of pepsin (digestion enzyme)
strengthens immune system to restore intestinal health
helps reduce the likeliness of future flare-ups
helps to keep you in remission, longer

Fibromyalgia Treatment

noreply@blogger.com (Evan) — Wed, 08 Dec 2010 22:05:00 +0000

Fibromyalgia Treatment

FMS (fibromyalgia (fi-bro-my-Al-juh) syndrome) is a widespread musculoskeletal pain and fatigue disorder for which the cause is still unknown. Fibromyalgia means pain in the fibrous tissues in the body.

The pain comes from the connective tissues, such as the muscles, tendons, and ligaments. FMS does not involve the joints, as does rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.

Most patients with fibromyalgia say that they ache all over. Their muscles may feel like they have been pulled or overworked. Sometimes the muscles twitch and at other times they burn. More women than men are afflicted with fibromyalgia, but it shows up in people of all ages.

Welcome and if this is your first time here, this page is dedicated to helping you understand Fibromyalgia. Contrary to what you may find or read on the Internet, FM is a disease that CAN be controlled.

SEROVERA® is a dietary supplement that has been included by many individuals as one of their standard treatment options for Fibromyalgia.

Learn more about SEROVERA® AMP 500 or call 1 (877) 737-6267

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Ischemic colitis

noreply@blogger.com (Evan) — Tue, 10 Aug 2010 01:31:00 +0000

Ischemic colitis (ischaemic colitis in British English) is a medical condition in which inflammation and injury of the large intestine result from inadequate blood supply. Although uncommon in the general population, ischemic colitis occurs with greater frequency in the elderly, and is the most common form of bowel ischemia. Causes of the reduced blood flow can include changes in the systemic circulation (e.g. low blood pressure) or local factors such as constriction of blood vessels or a blood clot. In most cases, no specific cause can be identified.

Ischemic colitis is usually suspected on the basis of the clinical setting, physical examination, and laboratory test results; the diagnosis can be confirmed via endoscopy or by using sigmoid or endoscopic placement of a visible light spectroscopic catheter (see Diagnosis). Ischemic colitis can span a wide spectrum of severity; most patients are treated supportively and recover fully, while a minority with very severe ischemia may develop sepsis and become critically ill.

Patients with mild to moderate ischemic colitis are usually treated with IV fluids, analgesia, and bowel rest (that is, no food or water by mouth) until the symptoms resolve. Those with severe ischemia who develop complications such as sepsis, intestinal gangrene, or bowel perforation may require more aggressive interventions such as surgery and intensive care. Most patients make a full recovery; occasionally, after severe ischemia, patients may develop long-term complications such as a stricture or chronic colitis.

L-Glutamine

noreply@blogger.com (Evan) — Sun, 01 Aug 2010 15:44:00 +0000

L-Glutamine Aids Gastrointestinal Function

L Glutamine Supplementation Improves Intestinal Permeability,

Glutamine is the most abundant naturally occurring, non-essential amino acid in the human body and one of the few amino acids that directly cross the blood-brain barrier. In the body, it is found circulating in the blood as well as stored in the skeletal muscles. It becomes conditionally essential (requiring intake from food or supplements) in states of illness or injury.

There have been several recent studies into the effects of glutamine and what properties it possesses, and, there is now a significant body of evidence that links glutamine-enriched diets with intestinal effects; aiding maintenance of gut barrier function, intestinal cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as generally reducing septic morbidity and the symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

The reason for such "cleansing" properties is thought to stem from the fact that the intestinal extraction rate of glutamine is higher than that for other amino acids, and is therefore thought to be the most viable option when attempting to alleviate conditions relating to the gastrointestinal tract.

These conditions were discovered after comparing plasma concentration within the gut between glutamine-enriched and non glutamine-enriched diets. However, even though glutamine is thought to have "cleansing" properties and effects, it is unknown to what extent glutamine has clinical benefits, due to the varied concentrations of glutamine in varieties of food.

Constipation

noreply@blogger.com (Evan) — Sun, 01 Aug 2010 15:41:00 +0000

Constipation treatment:

Not Enough Fiber in the Diet

People who eat a high-fiber diet are less likely to become constipated. The most common causes of constipation are a diet low in fiber or a diet high in fats, such as cheese, eggs, and meats.
Fiber—both soluble and insoluble—is the part of fruits, vegetables, and grains that the body cannot digest. Soluble fiber dissolves easily in water and takes on a soft, gel-like texture in the intestines. Insoluble fiber passes through the intestines almost unchanged. The bulk and soft texture of fiber help prevent hard, dry stools that are difficult to pass.

Americans eat an average of 5 to 14 grams of fiber daily,* which is short of the 20 to 35 grams recommended by the American Dietetic Association. Both children and adults often eat too many refined and processed foods from which the natural fiber has been removed.

A low-fiber diet also plays a key role in constipation among older adults, who may lose interest in eating and choose foods that are quick to make or buy, such as fast foods, or prepared foods, both of which are usually low in fiber. Also, difficulties with chewing or swallowing may cause older people to eat soft foods that are processed and low in fiber.

Not Enough Liquids

Research shows that although increased fluid intake does not necessarily help relieve constipation, many people report some relief from their constipation if they drink fluids such as water and juice and avoid dehydration. Liquids add fluid to the colon and bulk to stools, making bowel movements softer and easier to pass. People who have problems with constipation should try to drink liquids every day. However, liquids that contain caffeine, such as coffee and cola drinks will worsen one’s symptoms by causing dehydration. Alcohol is another beverage that causes dehydration. It is important to drink fluids that hydrate the body, especially when consuming caffeine containing drinks or alcoholic beverages.

Lack of Physical Activity

A lack of physical activity can lead to constipation, although doctors do not know precisely why. For example, constipation often occurs after an accident or during an illness when one must stay in bed and cannot exercise. Lack of physical activity is thought to be one of the reasons constipation is common in older people.

Thermogenic fat burners and Synephrine

noreply@blogger.com (Evan) — Thu, 15 Jul 2010 20:22:00 +0000

Thermogenic fat burner works to burn fat by increasing your metabolism. This allows your body to burn more calories and store less fat. Lately, thermogenic fat burners have become a powerful tool to assist in weight loss.

Synephrine

Synephrine (or oxedrine) is aimed at burning fat. Synephrine is derived primarily from the fruit of citrus aurantium, a relatively small citrus tree, of which several of its more common names include Bitter Orange, Sour Orange, and Zhi shi.
Synephrine is able to provide huge boosts of energy, suppress appetite, increase your metabolic rate and caloric expenditure. Through its stimulation of specific adrenergic receptors (beta-3, but not beta-1, beta-2 or alpha-1), synephrine stimulates your fat metabolism.

Crohn's Colitis in Australia

noreply@blogger.com (Evan) — Tue, 13 Jul 2010 21:39:00 +0000

What is Ulcerative Colitis?

Ulcerative colitis is a form of colitis, a disease of the intestine, specifically the large intestine or colon, that includes characteristic ulcers, or open sores, in the colon. The main symptom of active disease is usually constant diarrhea mixed with blood, of gradual onset. Ulcerative colitis is, however, believed to have a systemic etiology that leads to many symptoms outside the intestine. Because of the name, IBD is often confused with irritable bowel syndrome ("IBS"), a troublesome, but much less serious condition. Ulcerative colitis has similarities to Crohn’s disease, another form of IBD. Ulcerative colitis is an intermittent disease, with periods of exacerbated symptoms, and periods that are relatively symptom-free. Although the symptoms of ulcerative colitis or crohn's can sometimes diminish on their own, the disease usually requires treatment to go into remission.

Many people with serious medical conditions seek alternative solutions. The reasons why people look beyond conventional medicine are varied, but certain conditions tend to send sufferers searching more than others... The SEROVERA Advantage is a complete GI-specific program that is formulated to help treat and reduce inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. For more information on SEROVERA AMP 500 as a treatment for Crohn's, visit the SEROVERA website.

http://www.serovera.com.au/

IBD May Raise Risk of Pancreatic Cancer People With Inflammatory Bowel Disease

noreply@blogger.com (Evan) — Fri, 14 May 2010 13:37:00 +0000

People With Inflammatory Bowel Disease May Be at Increased Risk for Pancreatic Cancer, Study FindsBy Charlene LainoWebMD Health NewsReviewed by Louise Chang, MD

People with inflammatory bowel disease -- especially men and those with ulcerative colitis -- may be at increased risk for developing pancreatic cancer, preliminary research suggests.

Up to 1 million Americans have inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); the main types are ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease. The inner lining of the gastrointestinal tract becomes inflamed and damaged, causing abdominal pain, diarrhea (which may be bloody), weight loss, and rectal bleeding.

A few years ago, University of Utah researchers say they noticed that pancreatic cancer seemed to be developing at higher-than-normal rates in IBD patients and their family members.

To see if there was an association, the researchers studied 2,877 adults treated for IBD at the University of Utah Health System from January 1996 to December 2006. Their records were then compared with information from the Utah Cancer Registry and the Utah Population Database.

That way, they could figure out the rate of pancreatic cancer in the general population as well as the rate of pancreatic cancer in people with IBD and compare the two.

"We had striking and unexpected results," says Jason Schwartz, MD, assistant professor of surgery at the University of Utah.

"We thought there would be an association, but we were surprised at the strength of the association," he tells WebMD.

Compared with what would be expected in the general population:

* People with IBD had a 3.36-fold higher risk of pancreatic cance.
* People with ulcerative colitis had a 4.85-fold higher risk of pancreatic cancer.
* Men with IBD had a 6.22-fold higher risk of pancreatic cancer.
* Women with IBD did not appear to be at increased rrisk of pancreatic cancer.

There did not appear to be an association between Crohn's disease and pancreatic cancer.

The findings were presented at Digestive Disease Week 2010 in New Orleans.IBD Linked to Pancreatic Cancer:

Confirmation NeededSchwartz says that theoretically, repeated bouts of inflammation in the intestinal tract have the potential to cause cancer.

Still, the study does not prove cause and effect. And the results need to be confirmed and upheld in a national study, he says.

Further studies also need to look at whether family members of people with IBD are at increased risk of pancreatic cancer, Schwartz says.

But if corroborated, the findings could open the door for new screening recommendations for pancreatic cancer in patients with IBD and their families, says Craig Fisher, MD, a pancreatic cancer surgeon at Methodist Hospital in Houston.

The goal, he tells WebMD, is earlier identification of pancreatic cancer.

"There will be about 38,000 new diagnoses of pancreatic cancer this year and about the same number of deaths," he says.

The reason the cancer carries such a high death rate, Fisher says, is because it is often diagnosed at a late stage when it can no longer be surgically removed.

"If we can pinpoint patients at higher risk, it could prove [cost-effective] to screen them," perhaps with endoscopic ultrasound or MRI, he says.

Change The Way You Move.

noreply@blogger.com (Evan) — Wed, 05 May 2010 14:38:00 +0000

FLEXTIVA® for arthritis treatment is a major breakthrough in stamping out inflammation, rebuilding cartilage, joint space narrowing, and as a popular alternative treatment for joint pain.

Below, we provide brief descriptions of the key ingredients found in FLEXTIVA® and their supporting effects.

Aloe mucilaginous polysaccharides are long chain molecules, composed of individual mannose and glucose molecules connected together. These molecules are extracted from the inner gel of aloe vera, by way of lyophilization. When taken on a consistent basis, Aloe Mucilaginous Polysaccharides control the arthritic inflammation of the lining of the joints and reinforces the body's immune system.

Boswellia (boswellia serrata), has long been recognized in medicine for its anti-inflammatory benefits. Today, scientists studying extracts of boswellia are reporting that it can switch off key cell signalers and pro-inflammatory mediators known as cytokines in the inflammatory cascade.

Bromelain, a natural occurring source, can be beneficial in a vast array of medical conditions. It was first introduced in 1957 and works by blocking proinflammatory metabolites that accelerate and worsen the inflammatory process. It is an anti-inflammatory agent, and therefore can be used in sports injury, trauma, arthritis, and other kinds of swelling. It's main uses are athletic injury, digestive problems, osteoarthritis of the knee, and aiding healing after surgery

Glucosamine (glucosamine sulfate) is an important building block in healthy cartilage, and as we age, our bodies cannot create these compounds as readily. There have been multiple clinical trials of glucosamine as a medical therapy for osteoarthritis and the results have been eye-opening. One three year trial4, with at least 202 patients, demonstrated clear benefit for glucosamine as a treatment. There was not only an improvement in symptoms but also an improvement in joint space narrowing on radiographs.

With the help of MSM (methylsulfonylmethane) as a second layer for anti-inflammatory benefit, FLEXTIVA® is able to suppress pain and improve physical function.

Lactobacillus acidophilus

noreply@blogger.com (Evan) — Mon, 03 May 2010 20:01:00 +0000

Lactobacillus acidophilus is generally considered to be beneficial because it produces vitamin K, lactase, and anti-microbial substances such as acidolin, acidolphilin, lactocidin, and bacteriocin.

Some strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus have been studied extensively for health effects. A blend of probiotic strains containing Lactobacilli acidophilus decreased the incidence of pediatric diarrhea. Lactobacillus acidophilus led to a significant decrease in levels of toxic amines in the blood of dialysis patients with small bowel bacterial overgrowth. At adequate daily feeding levels, Lactobacillus acidophilus may facilitate lactose digestion in lactose-intolerant subjects.

Antibiotics taken orally will also kill beneficial bacteria, including Lactobacillus acidophilus. After a therapy that includes antibiotics, patients are instructed to take Lactobacillus acidophilus treatment in order to recolonize the gastrointestinal tract.

Blood test to tailor arthritis treatment

noreply@blogger.com (Evan) — Mon, 03 May 2010 19:51:00 +0000

Blood test to tailor arthritis treatment.

A simple blood test could soon help medical staff target treatment for suffers of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on those most likely to benefit.

Patients with one of two immune system antibodies are more likely to respond to an advanced form of treatment and, following a blood test to check for its presence, these patients alone will be targeted with this particular technique.

RA is a disabling auto-immune disorder in which the immune system attacks the body's own joints. Up to 80% of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis are believed to have one of the two antibodies.

Trial results show these have a good chance of being helped by the "biologic" drug rituximab, also known as MabThera, which targets the immune system. However, it may not be worth giving the drug to the 20% of patients who test negative. This could help save time and money being wasted on useless treatment courses.

Professor John Isaacs, from the University of Newcastle, who led the research, said: "This is an important breakthrough in the treatment of this chronic and debilitating condition, heralding the beginning of an exciting new era for patients, physicians and indeed the entire RA community.
"Conventional practice is based on treating the patient population as a whole, leading to some patients cycling on ineffective treatments before achieving the optimum response.

"By identifying in advance which groups are most likely to respond to, or to have an enhanced response to, drugs like rituximab, we can ensure they are treated early enough to prevent irreversible joint damage and disability. Additionally, this will reduce treatment costs by avoiding the use of ineffective drugs."

Source: http://www.sidewaysnews.com/science-technology/blood-test-tailor-arthritis-treatment

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

noreply@blogger.com (Evan) — Wed, 28 Apr 2010 13:04:00 +0000

What is Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?

Irritable bowel syndrome is a disorder characterized most commonly by cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, and diarrhea. IBS causes a great deal of discomfort and distress, but it does not permanently harm the intestines and does not lead to a serious disease, such as cancer. Most people can control their symptoms with diet, stress management, and prescribed medications. For some people, however, IBS can be disabling. They may be unable to work, attend social events, or even travel short distances.

As many as 20 percent of the adult population, or one in five Americans, has symptoms of IBS, making it one of the most common disorders diagnosed by doctors. It occurs more often in women than in men, and it begins before the age of 35 in about 50 percent of people.

Symptoms include:

Abdominal pain or discomfort for at least 12 weeks out of the previous 12 months. These 12 weeks do not have to be consecutive.
The abdominal pain or discomfort has two of the following three features:
It is relieved by having a bowel movement.
When it starts, there is a change in how often you have a bowel movement.
When it starts, there is a change in the form of the stool or the way it looks.
Certain symptoms must also be present, such as
a change in frequency of bowel movements a change in frequency of bowel movements
a change in appearance of bowel movements
feelings of uncontrollable urgency to have a bowel movement
difficulty or inability to pass stool
mucus in the stool
bloating

IBS treatment:

SEROVERA® is a 100% natural, potent anti-inflammatory, PROVEN to heal IBS. Most people who take SEROVERA® testify to significant health improvement from their IBS within a few weeks, while many feel IBS relief in just a few days!

SEROVERA® has natural healing and detoxifying powers that work gently within the intestinal tract to help break down impacted food residues and thoroughly cleanse the bowel. It may help ease constipation and prevent continuing diarrhea, setting a regularity to the bowel. All this helps to reduce discomfort and bloating. Naturally, as these symptoms are eased, so the stress associated with the discomfort is also reduced.

Crohn's Symptoms

noreply@blogger.com (Evan) — Thu, 22 Apr 2010 13:28:00 +0000

Crohn's Symptoms

Signs and symptoms of Crohn's disease can range from mild to severe and may develop gradually or come on suddenly, without warning. You may also have periods of time when you have no signs or symptoms (remission). When the disease is active, signs and symptoms may include:

Diarrhea. The inflammation that occurs in Crohn's disease causes cells in the affected areas of your intestine to secrete large amounts of water and salt. Because the colon can't completely absorb this excess fluid, you develop diarrhea. Intensified intestinal cramping also can contribute to loose stools. Diarrhea is the most common problem for people with Crohn's.

Abdominal pain and cramping. Inflammation and ulceration may cause the walls of portions of your bowel to swell and eventually thicken with scar tissue. This affects the normal movement of contents through your digestive tract and may lead to pain and cramping. Mild Crohn's disease usually causes slight to moderate intestinal discomfort, but in more-serious cases, the pain may be severe and include nausea and vomiting.

Blood in your stool. Food moving through your digestive tract may cause inflamed tissue to bleed, or your bowel may also bleed on its own. You might notice bright red blood in the toilet bowl or darker blood mixed with your stool. You can also have bleeding you don't see (occult blood).

Ulcers. Crohn's disease can cause small sores on the surface of the intestine that eventually become large ulcers that penetrate deep into — and sometimes through — the intestinal walls. You may also have ulcers in your mouth similar to canker sores.

Reduced appetite and weight loss. Abdominal pain and cramping and the inflammatory reaction in the wall of your bowel can affect both your appetite and your ability to digest and absorb food.

Other signs and symptoms People with severe Crohn's disease may also experience:

Fatigue
Arthritis
Eye inflammation
Skin disorders
Inflammation of the liver or bile ducts
Delayed growth or sexual development, in children

When to see a doctor See your doctor if you have persistent changes in your bowel habits or if you have any of the signs and symptoms of Crohn's disease, such as:

Abdominal pain
Blood in your stool
Ongoing bouts of diarrhea that don't respond to over-the-counter (OTC) medications
Unexplained fever lasting more than a day or two

Source: MayoClinic

What are the complications of Crohn’s disease?

noreply@blogger.com (Evan) — Fri, 26 Mar 2010 14:44:00 +0000

Intestinal blockage can occur in people with Crohn’s disease. Blockage occurs because the intestinal wall thickens or swells from inflammation and scar tissue. Ulcers can also cause tunnels to form through the inflamed areas of the intestine or even the healthy parts. These tunnels are called fistulas. Sometimes pockets of infection, called abscesses, can form in and around the fistulas. Fistulas can be treated with medicine, but sometimes surgery is needed.

People with Crohn’s disease often don’t get the nutrients they need. If you have Crohn’s disease, you may not get enough protein, vitamins, or calories in your diet. If you aren’t getting nutrients, it may be because you

-have an upset stomach that keeps you from eating enough-may be losing protein in the intestine-may not be able to absorb nutrients from your food

Other problems that some people with Crohn’s disease suffer from are arthritis, skin problems, swelling in the eyes or mouth, kidney stones, and gallstones.

Vitamin D might fight Crohn's disease

noreply@blogger.com (Evan) — Wed, 17 Mar 2010 20:53:00 +0000

Vitamin D, touted as the "sunshine cure," might also prevent and fight Crohn's disease, suggests a new study by Montreal researchers.

The discovery has yet to be confirmed by clinical trials, but it raises hopes for the estimated 170,000 Canadians with either Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis.

Canada has one of the highest reported rates in the world for Crohn's disease, a chronic inflammatory bowel disorder that usually affects the lower small intestine.
"Our data suggests for the first time that Vitamin D deficiency can contribute to Crohn's disease," said John White, an endocrinologist at the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre.

White noted that people who live in northern climates -- which receive less sunshine that is essential for the fabrication of Vitamin D by the human body -- are especially vulnerable to Crohn's disease.

White and his colleagues treated cancer cells in the lab with Vitamin D, and then carried out a micro-array or genetic analysis of those cells. They found that Vitamin D switched on two genes that are important in preventing or fighting Crohn's disease.

"It's reasonable to think that Vitamin D deficiency can contribute to the frequency of the disease," White said. "Siblings of patients with Crohn's disease that haven't yet developed the disease might be well advised to make sure they're Vitamin D sufficient."

As for whether taking Vitamin D could be an effective treatment for Crohn's, White was cautious, saying that would have to be demonstrated in a clinical trial.

The White study was published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry.

This article is a reprint of http://www.vancouversun.com/news/thewest/Vitamain+might+fight+Crohn+disease+says+study/2494382/story.html

The time or date displayed reflects when an article was added to Google News Feb.23 2010

What is the treatment for ulcerative colitis?

noreply@blogger.com (Evan) — Fri, 12 Mar 2010 20:29:00 +0000

Colitis treatment depends on the severity of the disease. Each person experiences ulcerative colitis differently, so treatment is adjusted for each individual.

Hospitalization

Occasionally, symptoms are severe enough that a person must be hospitalized. For example, a person may have severe bleeding or severe diarrhea that causes dehydration. In such cases the doctor will try to stop diarrhea and loss of blood, fluids, and mineral salts. The patient may need a special diet, feeding through a vein, medications, or sometimes surgery.

Surgery

About 25 to 40 percent of ulcerative colitis patients must eventually have their colons removed because of massive bleeding, severe illness, rupture of the colon, or risk of cancer. Sometimes the doctor will recommend removing the colon if medical treatment fails or if the side effects of corticosteroids or other drugs threaten the patient's health.

Surgery to remove the colon and rectum, known as proctocolectomy, is followed by one of the following:

Ileostomy, in which the surgeon creates a small opening in the abdomen, called a stoma, and attaches the end of the small intestine, called the ileum, to it. Waste will travel through the small intestine and exit the body through the stoma. The stoma is about the size of a quarter and is usually located in the lower right part of the abdomen near the beltline. A pouch is worn over the opening to collect waste, and the patient empties the pouch as needed.

Ileoanal anastomosis, or pull-through operation, which allows the patient to have normal bowel movements because it preserves part of the anus. In this operation, the surgeon removes the colon and the inside of the rectum, leaving the outer muscles of the rectum. The surgeon then attaches the ileum to the inside of the rectum and the anus, creating a pouch. Waste is stored in the pouch and passes through the anus in the usual manner. Bowel movements may be more frequent and watery than before the procedure. Inflammation of the pouch (pouchitis) is a possible complication.

Not every operation is appropriate for every person. Which surgery to have depends on the severity of the disease and the patient's needs, expectations, and lifestyle. People faced with this decision should get as much information as possible by talking to their doctors, to nurses who work with colon surgery patients (enterostomal therapists), and to other colon surgery patients. Patient advocacy organizations can direct people to support groups and other information resources.

Cannabis Hope for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

noreply@blogger.com (Evan) — Fri, 08 Jan 2010 21:48:00 +0000

Chemicals found in cannabis could prove an effective treatment for the inflammatory bowel diseases Ulcerative Colitis Disease and Crohn's Disease, say scientists.

Laboratory tests have shown that two compounds found in the cannabis plant -- the cannabinoids THC and cannabidiol -- interact with the body's system that controls gut function.

Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis, which affect about one in every 250 people in Northern Europe, are caused by both genetic and environmental factors. The researchers believe that a genetic susceptibility coupled with other triggers, such as diet, stress or bacterial imbalance, leads to a defective immune response.

Dr Karen Wright, Peel Trust Lecturer in Biomedicine at Lancaster University, presented her soon-to-be published work at The British Pharmacological Society's Winter Meeting in London.

She said: "The lining of the intestines provides a barrier against the contents of the gut but in people with Crohn's Disease this barrier leaks and bacteria can escape into the intestinal tissue leading to an inappropriate immune response.

"If we could find a way to restore barrier integrity in patients we may be able to curb the inflammatory immune response that causes these chronic conditions."

Dr Wright, working with colleagues at the School of Graduate Entry Medicine and Health in Derby, has shown that cells that react to cannabinoid compounds play an important role in normal gut function as well as the immune system's inflammatory response.

"The body produces its own cannabinoid molecules, called endocannabinoids, which we have shown increase the permeability of the epithelium during inflammation, implying that overproduction may be detrimental," said Dr Wright.

"However, we were able to reverse this process using plant-derived cannabinoids, which appeared to allow the epithelial cells to form tighter bonds with each other and restore the membrane barrier."

The research was carried out using cell cultures in a dish but, interestingly, when the team attempted to mimic the conditions of the gut by reducing the amount of oxygen in the cells' environment, much lower concentrations of cannabinoid were needed to produce the same effect.

Dr Wright added: "What is also encouraging is that while THC has psychoactive properties and is responsible for the 'high' people experience when using cannabis, cannabidiol, which has also proved effective in restoring membrane integrity, does not possess such properties."

Source:http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/12/091220175502.htm
The time or date displayed reflects when an article was added to Google News Dec.20, 2009

People on Immunosuppressive Therapies May Be More At Risk for Skin Cancer

noreply@blogger.com (Evan) — Wed, 30 Dec 2009 16:13:00 +0000

Researchers have found patients undergoing treatments that require immunosuppressive drugs may be more susceptible to non-melanoma skin cancers, requiring greater care with their skin treatments.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients who are being treated with immunosuppressive medications may be at increased risk for non-melanoma skin cancer, a new U.S. study says. Researchers analyzed data on 26,403 Crohn's disease patients and 26,974 patients with ulcerative colitis in order to evaluate how the use of immunosuppressive and biologic medications to treat IBD affected non-melanoma skin cancer risk.

The study found that the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer was higher in IBD patients than in a control group. Recent use (within 90 days) of any immunosuppressive medication was associated with greater risk of non-melanoma skin cancer (adjusted odds ratio 3.28), as was recent use of the thiopurine class of immunosuppressive medications (adjusted odds ratio 3.56) and recent use of biologic medications in Crohn's disease patients (adjusted odds ratio 2.07).

Persistent use of any immunosuppressive medication, which was considered use for more than one year, was strongly associated with non-melanoma skin cancer (adjusted odds ratio 4.04), the study authors noted. The association was even stronger with persistent use of thiopurine medications (adjusted odds ratio 4.27). In Crohn's disease, persistent use of biologic medications was also associated with a raised risk (adjusted odds ratio 2.18).

"The increased risk of non-melanoma skin cancer in patients with IBD is likely related to the immunosuppressive medications used to treat the disease, although we can't rule out changes to the immune system itself as a result of IBD as contributing to this risk," said study leader Dr. Millie Long, of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Colitis disease

noreply@blogger.com (Evan) — Wed, 16 Dec 2009 20:28:00 +0000

Colitis disease is the term used to described inflammation of the colon. There are a variety of causes of colitis including infections, poor blood supply, and autoimmune reactions.

The colon (large bowel or large intestine) is responsible for collecting and storing the waste products of digestion. It is a long muscular tube that pushes undigested food towards the anus for eventual elimination as a bowel movement. As the liquid mixture of undigested food makes its journey, it mixes with mucus and normal bacteria residing in the colon. As well, water is reabsorbed into the bloodstream, and the feces start to solidify.

The colon is located in the abdominal cavity and is divided into the following parts: the cecum, the ascending colon, the transverse, the descending colon, the sigmoid, the rectum, and the anus. The right colon includes the cecum and ascending colon. The left colon includes the transverse segment to the sigmoid.

The wall of the colon has numerous layers. There is a smooth muscle layer that wraps the outside and is responsible for squeezing the undigested food through the length of the colon. The inner layers, or mucosa, come into contact with the fluid and allow water and electrolyte absorption to help solidify the feces. The mucosal layer is where the colon inflammation occurs and is responsible for the symptoms of colitis.

As with any other organ, the colon has a blood supply with arteries delivering oxygen rich blood and nutrients to it, and veins that drain carbon dioxide and lactic acid from it.

Colitis Causes

Inflammation of the colon can be caused by a variety of illnesses and infections. Some of the most common causes are discussed below.

Infectious Colitis

Viruses and bacteria can cause colon infections. Most are food-borne illnesses or "food poisoning." Common bacterial causes include Shigella, E.Coli, Salmonella and Campylobacter. These infections often present with bloody diarrhea and can cause significant dehydration.

Pseudomembranous colitis is caused by the bacteria Clostridium difficile (C. difficile). This disorder is often seen in patients who have recently been taking antibiotics for an infection. The antibiotic alters the normal bacteria present in the colon and allows an overgrowth of the Clostridium bacteria. Clostridium bacteria produce a toxin that causes diarrhea. This is an infection, and often there is a fever present. The diarrhea is usually not bloody.

Ulcerative colitis treament testimonial

Change The Way You Move - Arthritis

noreply@blogger.com (Evan) — Wed, 16 Dec 2009 19:47:00 +0000

Arthritis treatment with Flextiva

FLEXTIVA® is a major breakthrough in arthritis treatment, stamping out inflammation, rebuilding cartilage, joint space narrowing, and as a popular alternative treatment for joint pain. It's use is therapeutic and is 100% safe. It's remarkable ability to inhibit inflammation at the joint level is astounding.

Below, we provide brief descriptions of the key ingredients found in FLEXTIVA® and their supporting effects.

The introduction of Aloe Mucilaginous Polysaccharides (AMP) to FLEXTIVA® was a remarkable breakthrough for its success on the battle against joint pain. Aloe mucilaginous polysaccharides are long chain molecules, composed of individual mannose and glucose molecules connected together. These molecules are extracted from the inner gel of aloe vera, by way of lyophilization. FLEXTIVA® is the only joint pain dietary supplement to contain this beneficial compound, making it a highly effective and sought out alternative to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. When taken on a consistent basis, Aloe Mucilaginous Polysaccharides control the arthritic inflammation of the lining of the joints and reinforces the body's immune system.

One of the many proprietary anti-inflammatory compounds of FLEXTIVA®, Boswellia (boswellia serrata), has long been recognized in medicine for its anti-inflammatory benefits. Today, scientists studying extracts of boswellia are reporting that it can switch off key cell signalers and pro-inflammatory mediators known as cytokines in the inflammatory cascade.1

With the help of MSM (methylsulfonylmethane) as a second layer for anti-inflammatory benefit, FLEXTIVA® is able to suppress pain and improve physical function.2

Bromelain, a natural occurring source, can be beneficial in a vast array of medical conditions. It was first introduced in 1957 and works by blocking proinflammatory metabolites that accelerate and worsen the inflammatory process. It is an anti-inflammatory agent, and therefore can be used in sports injury, trauma, arthritis, and other kinds of swelling. It's main uses are athletic injury, digestive problems, osteoarthritis of the knee3, and aiding healing after surgery.

Glucosamine (glucosamine sulfate) is an important building block in healthy cartilage, and as we age, our bodies cannot create these compounds as readily. The glucosamine found in FLEXTIVA® may help repair damaged tissues, however, it's principle role is to delay the progression of joint inflammation and alleviating its symptoms.

There have been multiple clinical trials of glucosamine as a medical therapy for osteoarthritis and the results have been eye-opening. One three year trial4, with at least 202 patients, demonstrated clear benefit for glucosamine as a treatment. There was not only an improvement in symptoms but also an improvement in joint space narrowing on radiographs. This suggests that FLEXTIVA®, unlike pain relievers such as NSAIDs, can actually help prevent the destruction of cartilage that is the hallmark of osteoarthritis, without nasty side-effects, and possibly determining disease modification.

Diverticulitis treatment

noreply@blogger.com (Evan) — Mon, 07 Dec 2009 16:02:00 +0000

Diverticulitis treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and how many acute episodes the patient has experienced. If symptoms are mild, a liquid or low-fiber diet and antibiotics may be recommended. Those at risk of complications, or who experience recurrent attacks of diverticulitis, may require surgery to remove the diseased portion of the colon.

Self-Care

If diverticulitis is treatable at home, patients should expect to remain quiet for a few days. Antibiotics will be prescribed to help kill the bacteria causing the infection. Patients will also temporarily need to avoid all whole grains, fruits and vegetables, so the colon can rest and heal. Once symptoms improve (often in 2 to 4 days) patients can gradually start increasing the amount of high-fiber foods in their diet.

Hospitalization

About half of those who have diverticulitis require hospitalization and many need intravenous antibiotics. People may need to be hospitalized for vomiting, a fever above 100 degrees Fahrenheit, a high white blood cell count, or high risk of a bowel obstruction, peritonitis or other complications.

Surgery

Two procedures are used to treat serious cases of diverticulitis. They are performed by surgeons who have completed training in both general surgery and colon and rectal surgery.

Primary Bowel Resection (also called Sigmoid Resection or Segmental Resection)
In this procedure the surgeon removes the diseased part of the intestine and then reconnects the healthy segments of the colon (called anastomosis). This allows the patient to have normal bowel movements. Depending upon the patient's condition, laparoscopic methods may be used in place of traditional surgery. Laparoscopic procedures usually require smaller incisions and enable a faster recovery for the patient.

Bowel Resection with Colostomy

Surgeons use the bowel resection with colostomy procedure (also called Hartmann's procedure) when the colon becomes so inflamed that it is not safe to rejoin the colon and rectum. Surgeons only perform this procedure when the patient experiences a life-threatening infection. The colostomy is usually temporary until the infection and inflammation clear.

To create a colostomy, the surgeon makes an opening in the abdominal wall. The colon is then brought out through the opening, and waste passes through the opening into a bag. A colostomy may be temporary or permanent. Once the inflammation has healed, perhaps several months later, the surgeon may be able to perform a second operation to reconnect the colon and rectum.

Treatment of Colitis

noreply@blogger.com (Evan) — Sun, 06 Dec 2009 21:30:00 +0000

Standard ulcerative colitis treatment depends on extent of involvement and disease severity. The goal is to induce remission initially with medications, followed by the administration of maintenance medications to prevent a relapse of the disease. The concept of induction of remission and maintenance of remission is very important. The medications used to induce and maintain a remission somewhat overlap, but the treatments are different. Physicians first direct treatment to inducing a remission which involves relief of symptoms and mucosal healing of the lining of the colon and then longer term treatment to maintain the remission.

Drugs used

Aminosalicylates
Mesalazine, also known as 5-aminosalicylic acid, 5-ASA, Asacol, Pentasa and Mesalamine.
Sulfasalazine, also known as Azulfidine.
Balsalazide, also known as Colazal.
Olsalazine, also known as Dipentum.
Corticosteroids
Cortisone
Prednisone
Prednisolone
Hydrocortisone
Methylprednisolone
Budesonide
Immunosuppressive drugs
Mercaptopurine, also known as 6-Mercaptopurine, 6-MP and Purinethiol.
Azathioprine, also known as Imuran (US) or Azasan, which metabolises to 6-MP.
Methotrexate, which inhibits folic acid
Biological treatment
Infliximab

Alternative Treatments

Aloe Mucilaginous Polysaccharides

Aloe mucilaginous polysaccharides are long-chain sugar molecules composed of individual mannose and glucose sugar molecules connected together — which have been attributed to subduing and reducing symptoms associated with ulcerative colitis.
We recommend SEROVERA® AMP 500. SEROVERA® AMP 500 is a GI-specific supplement that has been used with great success by individuals with UC.

Avoid Swimming Pools if You Have Allergies or Asthma

noreply@blogger.com (Evan) — Thu, 03 Dec 2009 13:41:00 +0000

Swimming in a chlorinated pool may boost the odds that a child susceptible to asthma and allergies will develop these problems.

Chlorinated pools irritate the airways of swimmers, exerting a strong additive effect on the development of asthma and respiratory allergies such as hay fever and allergic rhinitis.

The impact of chlorinated pools on the respiratory health of children and adolescents appears to be much more important -- at least by a factor of five -- than that associated with secondhand smoke.

Source: MSNBC September 15, 2009

Crohn's treatment

noreply@blogger.com (Evan) — Fri, 27 Nov 2009 14:58:00 +0000

Crohn's treatment may include drugs, nutrition supplements, surgery, or a combination of these options. The goals of treatment are to control inflammation, correct nutritional deficiencies, and relieve symptoms like abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding. At this time, treatment can help control the disease by lowering the number of times a person experiences a recurrence, but there is no cure. Treatment for Crohn’s disease depends on the location and severity of disease, complications, and the person’s response to previous medical treatments when treated for recurring symptoms.

Some people have long periods of remission, sometimes years, when they are free of symptoms. However, the disease usually recurs at various times over a person’s lifetime. This changing pattern of the disease means one cannot always tell when a treatment has helped. Predicting when a remission may occur or when symptoms will return is not possible.

Someone with Crohn’s disease may need medical care for a long time, with regular doctor visits to monitor the condition.

Drug Therapy

Anti-Inflammation Drugs. Most people are first treated with drugs containing mesalamine, a substance that helps control inflammation. Sulfasalazine is the most commonly used of these drugs. Patients who do not benefit from it or who cannot tolerate it may be put on other mesalamine-containing drugs, generally known as 5-ASA agents, such as Asacol, Dipentum, or Pentasa. Possible side effects of mesalamine-containing drugs include nausea, vomiting, heartburn, diarrhea, and headache.

Cortisone or Steroids. Cortisone drugs and steroids—called corticosteriods—provide very effective results. Prednisone is a common generic name of one of the drugs in this group of medications. In the beginning, when the disease it at its worst, prednisone is usually prescribed in a large dose. The dosage is then lowered once symptoms have been controlled. These drugs can cause serious side effects, including greater susceptibility to infection.

Immune System Suppressors. Drugs that suppress the immune system are also used to treat Crohn’s disease. Most commonly prescribed are 6-mercaptopurine or a related drug, azathioprine. Immunosuppressive agents work by blocking the immune reaction that contributes to inflammation. These drugs may cause side effects like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea and may lower a person’s resistance to infection. When patients are treated with a combination of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs, the dose of corticosteroids may eventually be lowered. Some studies suggest that immunosuppressive drugs may enhance the effectiveness of corticosteroids.

Infliximab (Remicade). This drug is the first of a group of medications that blocks the body’s inflammation response. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the drug for the treatment of moderate to severe Crohn’s disease that does not respond to standard therapies (mesalamine substances, corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents) and for the treatment of open, draining fistulas. Infliximab, the first treatment approved specifically for Crohn’s disease is an anti-TNF substance. Additional research will need to be done in order to fully understand the range of treatments Remicade may offer to help people with Crohn’s disease.

Antibiotics. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine caused by stricture, fistulas, or prior surgery. For this common problem, the doctor may prescribe one or more of the following antibiotics: ampicillin, sulfonamide, cephalosporin, tetracycline, or metronidazole.

Anti-Diarrheal and Fluid Replacements. Diarrhea and crampy abdominal pain are often relieved when the inflammation subsides, but additional medication may also be necessary. Several antidiarrheal agents could be used, including diphenoxylate, loperamide, and codeine. Patients who are dehydrated because of diarrhea will be treated with fluids and electrolytes.

Nutrition Supplementation

The doctor may recommend nutritional supplements, especially for children whose growth has been slowed. Special high-calorie liquid formulas are sometimes used for this purpose. A small number of patients may need to be fed intravenously for a brief time through a small tube inserted into the vein of the arm. This procedure can help patients who need extra nutrition temporarily, those whose intestines need to rest, or those whose intestines cannot absorb enough nutrition from food. There are no known foods that cause Crohn’s disease. However, when people are suffering a flare in disease, foods such as bulky grains, hot spices, alcohol, and milk products may increase diarrhea and cramping.

Surgery

Two-thirds to three-quarters of patients with Crohn’s disease will require surgery at some point in their lives. Surgery becomes necessary when medications can no longer control symptoms. Surgery is used either to relieve symptoms that do not respond to medical therapy or to correct complications such as blockage, perforation, abscess, or bleeding in the intestine. Surgery to remove part of the intestine can help people with Crohn’s disease, but it is not a cure. Surgery does not eliminate the disease, and it is not uncommon for people with Crohn’s Disease to have more than one operation, as inflammation tends to return to the area next to where the diseased intestine was removed.

Some people who have Crohn’s disease in the large intestine need to have their entire colon removed in an operation called a colectomy. A small opening is made in the front of the abdominal wall, and the tip of the ileum, which is located at the end of the small intestine, is brought to the skin’s surface. This opening, called a stoma, is where waste exits the body. The stoma is about the size of a quarter and is usually located in the right lower part of the abdomen near the beltline. A pouch is worn over the opening to collect waste, and the patient empties the pouch as needed. The majority of colectomy patients go on to live normal, active lives.

Sometimes only the diseased section of intestine is removed and no stoma is needed. In this operation, the intestine is cut above and below the diseased area and reconnected.

Because Crohn’s disease often recurs after surgery, people considering it should carefully weigh its benefits and risks compared with other treatments. Surgery may not be appropriate for everyone. People faced with this decision should get as much information as possible from doctors, nurses who work with colon surgery patients (enterostomal therapists), and other patients. Patient advocacy organizations can suggest support groups and other information resources.

People with Crohn’s disease may feel well and be free of symptoms for substantial spans of time when their disease is not active. Despite the need to take medication for long periods of time and occasional hospitalizations, most people with Crohn’s disease are able to hold jobs, raise families, and function successfully at home and in society.